Because of this experimental design both control and experimental periods varied in length (control mean = 43.1 min, range 28 109 min; experimental mean = 36.4 min, range 17 61 min; N.B. in a few instances the playback period was <30 min because the focal bird's partner was present when they visited the nest towards the end of the experimental period, so no begging calls were broadcast).
The telephone-administered survey was approximately 15 min in length; control group participants were also administered the same baseline survey.
In this model organism, it appears tankyrase may not function in telomere length control [ 133], but its other functions are conserved and its function is essential [ 134].
Interestingly, though, studies of NIMA-related kinases in other lower eukaryotes, notably Chlamydomonas and Tetrahymena, revealed potential roles in cilia length control, as well as coordination of ciliogenesis with cell cycle progression (13– 13).
An indirect role of Imp3p in telomere length control was anticipated through the increase of the EST3 +1 frameshifting, which produces more functional subunits of the telomerase.
The kidneys of these mice had significantly lengthened cilia, suggesting that Nek8 might also play a role in ciliary length control (23, 24).
For example, since IFT56 is important to assemble full-length cilia in several organisms (Blacque et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 2012), it might carry one or more cargoes involved in ciliary length control.
hnRNP A1 has also been implicated in telomere length control (LaBranche et al, 1998) and it binds to single-stranded telomeric repeats in vitro (McKay and Cooke, 1992) and to telomeres in vivo (Zhang et al, 2006).
Together with earlier in vitro observations, stuttering in collaborating iPKSs indicates that precursor accessibility may override chain length control in both hrPKSs and nrPKSs.
Nab2 and Pab1 are both implicated in poly(A) tail length control, but it has been unclear which acts first.
Sir proteins function mainly in TPE, not telomere length control, but both Rif proteins negatively regulate telomerase (Teng et al. 2000).
