The role of RAI3 in cancer and its localisation in the plasma membrane make this molecule an interesting potential target for antibody-mediated therapy.
In the case of AID, expressed upon activation in only a fraction of B cells, by limiting access to the nuclear compartment and preferential recruitment to the immunoglobulin genes; in the case of APOBEC3G, expressed preferentially in lymphoid cells, by its localisation in the cytosol and binding to the viral genome and capsid.
However, regarding the initial onset of neurogenesis in the ectoderm, we propose that NvAth-like is a key pro-neurogenic factor, due to its early expression in blastula stage embryos, its localisation in dividing (and thus pre-differentiated) cells, its early sensitivity to Notch signalling, and owing to the fact that knockdown of NvAth-like results in the development of fewer neural cells.
RGR-opsin is known to act as a photoisomerase in the reconversion of retinal chromophore from the all- trans to the 11- cis conformation [ 38, 39], and perhaps peropsin also functions as an isomerase in some manner given its localisation in the RPE.
As shown in Figure 3A, LMB did not effectively induce the appearance of the 32 kDa band in cells transfected with a human Mdm2 with mutations in its nuclear localisation signal at residues 181 185 (hmtNLSmTaoS) (Tandand Levine, 1999), or in its nucleolar localisation signal (hMdm2 mtNoLS) that is located between residues 466 and 473 (Lohrum et al, 2000).
A HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line transcriptionally upregulates p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 and has been shown to produce its cytoplasmic localisation through a mechanism whereby Akt binds and phosphorylates p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 in its nuclear localisation signal [ 21].
Previously, we have shown that the RSYQY amino acid sequence at the C-terminus of SLN is vital in its ER/SR localisation [9].
P21-activated kinase 1 inactivates the transcriptional corepressor CtBP, due to the changes in its cellular localisation (Barnes et al, 2003a).
Thus, in CD24c-m positive cases most probably presence of CD24 has been observed in its typical localisation, in the cell membrane, and the protein has been transported from endoplasmic reticulum.
