Thus, natural selection can keep a redundant reaction in the network if its deletion renders even a tiny decrease in biomass production.
These data indicate that, although β-catenin is needed for acinar development in utero, its deletion after birth does not divert acinar cells to an alternative fate, but instead prevents their normal expansion during juvenile growth.
The knockout of tenascin X in mice, and its deletion in humans, also causes alterations in muscle function (Huijing et al., 2010; Voermans et al., 2011) that induces histological features of a mild myopathy, which is also observed in Comp mutant mice (Piróg et al., 2010).
MMP-2 is the major MMP which is directly linked to A β in the brain and dysfunction in this enzyme may influence the processing of A β1-40/42 in vitro and in vivo, because its deletion resulted in a greater A β accumulation compared with MMP-9 knockout [ 7].
Rsr1 is a regulator of directional growth in yeast, and its deletion in C. albicans causes erratic movement of the Spk in hyphae (Yaar et al., 1997; Hausauer et al., 2005).
The Glu-A3a allele at the Glu-A3 locus in CS and its deletion in CS-n were identified and characterized by proteome and molecular marker methods.
The results of these approaches showed that FnBPA has a relevant role in invasion because its deletion in the S. aureus Cowan strain diminished the level of invasiveness (~80%) into a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293) [ 16].
To confirm the triplication of the 19-kb region in wMelPop and its deletion in wMelPop-PGYP, we determined the relative PCR amplification of two unique sequences in that region (sequences spanning gene boundaries WD0512-WD0513 and WD0513-WD0514) compared with the single copy wsp gene as a reference.
The function of Fig1p in C. albicans is not known, but in S. cerevisiae its deletion resulted in defective cell-cell fusion during mating [12], suggesting it could be involved in the delivery of components to the fusion site.
CerS function was associated first with longevity in yeast, and its deletion resulted in increased life span, and thus it was named 'longevity associated gene 1' (LAG1; D'Mello et al, 1994).
