Graph theory (see Table 1 for a glossary of terms) has provided a powerful framework for characterizing processes that take place in complex interconnected systems in such diverse disciplines as physics, mathematics, and sociology (Newman 2003), as well as in biology where protein protein interactions, social structure, and food webs have been modeled (Proulx et al. 2005; May 2006).
In general, we find shallow hierarchical structures in globally interconnected systems and rich multilevel organizations in systems with highly separated regions.
In general, we find shallow hierarchical structures in globally interconnected systems, such as neural networks, and rich multilevel organizations in systems with highly separated regions, such as road networks.
This is because the computational complexity of the Wigner method scales at most quadratically (and in sparsely interconnected systems nearly linearly) with the number of components as opposed to the exponential state space scaling of a quantum mechanical Hilbert space.
This year, scholars will come together around the topic, "Policing the Police". Seminal developments in case law, the militarization of police, and widely covered police killings make this an important time for evaluating police discretion and the challenges embedded in several interconnected systems.
Power System Stabilizers (PSS) are used in these large interconnected systems for damping out low-frequency oscillations by providing auxiliary control signals to the generator excitation input.
Consequently, the present research proposes a robust estimation of interfacial cracks using simulation-based methodologies to meet the requirement for mechanical designs in multi-level interconnected systems of electronic devices.
On the other hand, there has been a considerable research interest in large-scale interconnected systems.
In addition, the physiologic impact of miRNAs on cellular transcription appears to result from a multifaceted network of miRNA and mRNA relationships, working together in an interconnected system and in context of hundreds of other RNA species.
