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Nor did opponents prove that the law was discriminatory in intent or effect, he wrote.
Aubrey Beardsley used a caricaturist's methods, but little of his work, except perhaps the illustrations to The Rape of the Lock, was actually in intent or effect caricature or cartoon.
The goods or services cannot be criminal in intent or effect: highway robbery may be an enterprise, but no community can abide it for long.
First of all, any domestic regulation that is protectionist (in intent or effect, depending on your view of the appropriate legal standard) will likely violate trade obligations, subject to various exceptions and carveouts.
Similar(56)
Supporters of North Carolina's H.B. 589 insist that the courts will find no discriminatory intent or effect of the law in practice.
31 What has been said above shows this was not the intent or effect of the section.
Anna Kiraly's video design, which includes a horror-movie-mirror effect, is ambitious and sometimes good looking but not always clear in intent or sure in execution.
Applying the law to that group did not violate the Constitution's prohibition against ex post facto legislation because the law was punitive neither in intent nor in effect, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy said.
He assailed the Bush tax cuts as "redistributive in intent and redistributive in effect".
It followed a federal district court decision on October 9th that the Texas law was discriminatory in both intent and effect and "constitutes a poll tax"—a ruling that was stayed by the Fifth Circuit Court on October 11th.
"If your objective is actually to pass a bill insisting on a path to citizenship, it is in both intent and effect a poison pill," he said, adding that he thinks many of the immigration groups working on the issue are "being taken advantage of".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com