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The difference between the PO and IAO scores in the participation groups averaged 11.6 % in instructor group 1 and 20 % in instructor group 2 respectively, while in the control groups this difference was only 7.9%and9.3%.3 % respectively.
IAO was also a negative predictor of participation in instructor group 1 but the reported result was not significant (sig = .131).131
We added an additional random factor in our model, Course, to help account for differences in instructor, class size, institution, and implementation among non-independent groups of students.
This serves to capture unobserved institution-level variation in instructor responses that is not explained by the other explanatory variables included in the instructor model.
In terms of performance on the QPT, evidence is provided in favour of the 'meshing' hypothesis in instructor group 2 between GAO/IAO/PO groupings.
Moreover, IAO was a significant negative predictor of participation in instructor group 2 (r 2 = .322, b = −7.858, StdE 3.334, sig < .050).050
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In instructor-centered lecture courses, professors do that work, often learning more than the students.
Our study is relevant for instructors in instructor-mediated classrooms in multiple ways.
This study can serve as a reference guide to design effective integration of visualizations in instructor-mediated classrooms.
These studies can therefore not be taken as integration guides by instructors planning to integrate PVs in instructor-mediated classrooms.
This problem gets compounded for hundreds of instructors in instructor-mediated classrooms, which are the norm in India and a large part of the developing world.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com