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Biomass-fired steam boilers are finding increasing use in industrial-scale applications for both heat and power generation.
A series of ideally mixed fluidized beds is used to obtain a narrow product size distribution in industrial-scale applications.
However, the cost of these supplemental ingredients would be prohibitive in industrial-scale applications.
The optimal parameters and the automatic pumping scheme developed from this study will assist greatly in future industrial scale application of producing microbial oils from crude glycerol.
It appears that though cavitation is quite successful in treatment of water at laboratory scale operations, comparatively higher cost of treatment as compared to the conventional chemical methods is a hindrance in its industrial scale application.
It is produced in industrial-scale bioprocesses by Penicillium chrysogenum.
Thus, although enzymes such as lipases in particular have found extensive application in organic synthesis [ 7], effective stabilisation remains a technical hurdle limiting use of enzymes such as Pseudomonas lipases in industrial-scale biotransformations [ 8].
Batch reactors (BRs) are probably the most widely used reactor designs for biocatalysis in supercritical fluids, but for industrial scale applications packed bed reactors (PBRs) are frequently preferred.
Although it has a lower efficiency compared with NMMO pretreatment, it is a simple method that is well investigated in laboratory and pilot scales and is suggested for industrial scale applications [ 1].
Apart from industrial scale applications, metal NP are increasingly used in a variety of consumer products such as cosmetics, sunscreens, textiles, and food products.
Analysis also showed that when PVA Gel process was clubbed with the conventional biological method, for large (industrial) scale application it resulted in lower CAPEX and OPEX.
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