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Processing speed as high as 50 mm2/s was obtained with a single scan at the maximum single spot fluence tested (4 J/cm2), showing the potential use of nanosecond pulse lasers in industrial practical applications.
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Multiphase flows are often found in industrial and practical engineering applications, including bubbles, droplets, liquid film and waves.
On the other hand, the sector nonlinearities of the sensors are usually in order in practical industrial control systems, and this is the main factor that gives rise to the nonlinearity of control systems (see [22]).
Precious metals are more coke resistant; however, considering the high cost and limited availability of noble metals, it is more practical in industrial standpoint to develop Ni-based catalysts with high performance and high resistance to carbon deposition.
Opportunity for practical training in industrial labs.
The process conditions are rather critical and this may cause some practical difficulties in industrial plants.
It is concluded that magnetron plasma-based pretreatment and deposition processes might involve potential practical problems in industrial coating of various objects in the same process batch.
Intelligent systems have been developed for more than 50 years, however, their practical application in industrial problems is still restrict and, many times, a challenge.
This problem carries real practical significance in industrial applications (such as the design of satellites), as well as being of significant theoretical interest.
Studying the mechanisms of tolerance against desiccation may lead to development of new methods for preserving biological materials, which is of enormous practical importance in industrial as well as in medical fields [ 4].
The chapter also discusses process changes to provide guidelines for saving water demand on an individual basis, includes design issues that must be taken into account in industrial applications, to achieve realistic and practical water savings in the study of water minimization.
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