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In order to capture the spread of plastic zone in individual element, the beam element is divided along its length and over its cross section directions.
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An explicit damage indicator is also incorporated in the acceleration-based residual generators for the estimation of the severity of damage in individual elements.
By assuming isotropic behavior in individual elements, the results for the RVE reveal the fish scale has an "orthotropic symmetry" with slight local strain variations occurring at the sawtooth interface.
Modest impairments in individual elements (e.g. GABAergic synapses) might lead to different outcomes depending on the spatiotemporal construction and connectivity of the specific neuronal network.
First, this is a major strength, because it allows the investigation of genetic and environmental sources of variation in individual elements and covariation between concentrations of two or more elements.
The neuronal universe of GPCRs and associated signaling components in the PVN and SON is expanding: removal of one constituent may not upset the fabric of the system in its basal state (e.g., there is probably some redundancy in the system) but we can measure alterations in individual elements, and these may influence the function of the system as a whole as it responds to different stimuli.
We are interested in cases where acceleration has occured in an individual element on a particular lineage.
And element to element variations in the (tree-wide) level of conservation are accounted for by S. differences between constrained and unconstrained models will reflect cases where the substitution rate in an individual element on a particular lineage has been accelerated.
Despite the complex nature of the cellular response to electrophiles, the approach outlined in our case study proved effective in defining individual elements in the process of cellular adaptation.
In fact, the individual element transformation illustrated in (20) can be generalized to any other inner product-based measure and classifier such as Pearson correlation [25] and MLP [21] in order to obtain a resemblance in performance when the matching is carried out in the Hamming domain.
Complex dynamical networks are composed of a family of interconnected nodes, in which each node denotes an individual element in the network and adjusts its behavior by the information received from its neighbor nodes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com