Exact(6)
The idea behind imputation methods is that as we know how to analyze the data if there were no missing data (planned analysis), and if we could fill in (impute) the missing data, then we could just analyze this imputed dataset.
The remaining genetic data were pre-phased, and genome-wide imputation was performed on the resulting haplotypes using the default parameters in IMPUTE v2.2.2 [ 16].
Genotype imputation for untyped SNPs was performed separately for each study using Howie et al. (2009) methodology implemented in impute v2 (http://mathgen.stats.ox.ac.uk/impute/impute_v2.html).ac.uk/impute/impute_v2.html
Imputed SNPs with a quality score of <0.4 (info in Impute versus 2) or 0.3 (Rsq in MACH 1.0), respectively, were excluded from the meta-analysis.
Imputed SNPs were generated in IMPUTE v.2 (Howie, Donnelley, & Marchini, 2009) using reference panels from HapMap 2 and 3 and the WTCCC controls.
The threshold for calling genotypes in IMPUTE was set to be 0.9, i.e. for each SNP of each individual, the genotype will be treated as missing if the maximum genotype probability is < 0.9.
Similar(54)
The added value (ie mean increase in imputation quality) was largest when comparing GoNL with 1000G in imputing the Dutch samples.
Table 5 also reveals that multiple imputation more fully characterizes the uncertainty inherent in imputed data.
Alternatively, uncertainty in imputed results could have been characterized with multiple imputation-based confidence intervals around the mean imputed totals [32].
Similarly, PRN percentages were 47.2% in observed and 47.3 in imputed data: 26.0% for both observed and imputed HER2P.
Imputed SNPs were tested for association using ProbABEL software (37) implementing a logistic regression model in which the allelic dosage of the imputed SNP was used to adjust for uncertainty in imputed genotypes.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com