In human, variations in the basal mRNA abundance of some key genes represent an important genetic basis underlying several physiological traits that includes resistance (or susceptibility) to many known infectious diseases [ 14].
In humans variation of hair and skin color is regulated by MC-1R and it has been shown that loss-of-function mutations in MC-1R result in the red hair and fair skin phenotype [33], [34].
In humans, variation upstream of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has recently been shown to influence both behavioral measures of social anxiety and amygdala response to social threats.
In humans, variation in judgement probably encourages variation in art, and this may well work in animals.
In humans, variation in recombination hotspots have been linked to PRDM9 binding sites, but a similar mechanism could not be confirmed in Drosophila, probably due to multiple initiation processes for recombination [ 41].
In humans, variation in the taxonomic and genic composition of the microbiome is increasingly linked to health issues, such as obesity and autoimmune disorders (e.g., Turnbaugh et al., 2009; Hooper et al., 2012; Bengmark, 2013; Koeth et al., 2013).
In humans, variations in a gene known as TERC (telomerase RNA [ribonucleic acid] component), which encodes an RNA segment of an enzyme known as telomerase, have been associated with reduced telomere length and an increased rate of biological aging.
For example, in humans, variations in a gene known as TERC (telomerase RNA [ribonucleic acid] component), which encodes an RNA segment of the telomerase enzyme, have been associated with reduced telomere length and an increased rate of biological aging.
Importantly, too, because insulin sensitivity may vary as much as 10-fold in humans, variations in β-cell mass may be linked to individual insulin sensitivity.
