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Interestingly, although activating point mutations in KRAS in ovarian cancer are observed predominantly in low grade serous subtype and rarely in high grade cases, of the 25 samples with an amplification at KRAS of at least 0.8 (log2) in amplitude, all but one were high-grade serous, suggesting an alternative mechanism for activation of this pathway in a subset of high grade serous carcinomas.
We observed variation in estimates across age strata, with significantly reduced odds of full vaccination in high grade cases aged 15 to 18 years and 19 to 22 years, and little evidence of any vaccine effect among vaccinated women in the oldest age stratum (exposure odds ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.45).
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Furthermore, a study reported that 18% of MECs analyzed demonstrated mutations in H-ras gene at codon 12 and/or 13 (and none at codon 61), but however these were essentially detected in high-grade cases [ 1, 20].
In a similar study on cervical lesions, Dey et al. measured the FDs on cytological smears with similar techniques and came to a comparable result: the mean FD of the normal nucleus was 1.2425, in low-grade lesions (LSIL) 1.3504 and in high-grade cases (HSIL) 1.4379 (p < 0.0001) [127].
Our prediction of a reduced number of high grade treatments in the National Cervical Screening Program is broadly consistent with the findings of a prior analysis of NSW registry data, which predicted a statistically non-significant decrease in histologically-confirmed high grade cases, and a significant decrease in rates of high grade cytology, in the context of 3-yearly screening [ 19].
LCN2 was not detected in our cohort of serous ovarian cancer which is likely due to the predominance of high grade cases in our cohort since Lim et al. [52] have shown that LCN2 was expressed at low levels in high grade ovarian cancer but moderate to strong levels in tumors of low grade and/or low malignant potential.
It was observed that the pathologists performed better in grading the correctly classified high grade cases compared to the correctly classified low grade cases, for both initial and final grading.
High grade cases in particular were statistically significantly more likely to have had one or more previous tests.
A 2 Mb segment amplified in three (13%) of the high grade cases was located further distally.
Focal pattern with a branch and multifocal with branches were mainly found in high grade gliomas (78%, 700 % of cases).
Proportions of cells staining with the monoclonal antibody OKT9 showed a correlation between levels of cellular expression of transferrin (trf) receptor and the histological grade of malignancy, OKT9+ cells being elevated in high grade lymphomas, and in some cases of transforming lymphoma of low grade histological class.
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