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Based on the genome-wide identification and characterization of miRNAs and their associated target genes, we further identified 64 miRNAs preferentially expressing in developing or germinating grains, which could play important roles in grain development.
Recently, 323 wheat novel miRNAs are characterized in a genome-wide level and further identified 64 miRNAs preferentially expressing in developing or germinating grains, which could play important roles in grain development [ 8].
Recent studies reported a critical role of the ubiquitin pathway in grain development in rice (Song et al. [2007]; Weng et al. [2008]).
To better understand coffee CGA synthesis, and to learn why diCQA and quinic acid levels fall late in grain development, we have cloned cDNA encoding four key enzymes for CGA synthesis in coffee; HCT, HQT, C3H1 and CCoAOMT1.
Our results also suggest that parental genomes have different roles in influencing the translocation of pericarp starch, which is classified as "transitory starch" and plays an important role in grain development (Duffus and Rosie 1973; Sato 1984; Caley et al. 1990).
Genes predicted to be regulated by abundant or grain-specific small RNAs are, however good candidates for further functional characterization and evaluation of their involvement in grain development.
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Accordingly, AUX, JA and ETH are likely to be implicated in wheat grain development, in collaboration with E3 ligases.
In this study, a total of 51 miRNAs from 36 families were found to be specifically expressed in developing grains, among which 28 miRNAs were wheat specific, indicating these miRNAs might be involved in wheat grain development in a wheat-specific manner.
α-Amylase genes are not normally expressed in late grain development but in some genotypes and under specific environmental conditions pre-harvest sprouting or premature amylase production can occur [ 29].
We used the database to select Dof involved in wheat grain development based on in silico expression criteria.
GAs are also thought to play a critical role in wheat grain development: endogenous GA levels are very high in developing grain and increase during grain expansion [ 10] and wheat lines containing Rht alleles have smaller grains [ 15].
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