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She adds that it's not just the females that are thinking long-term; males may be investing in future offspring by making sure their mates are well-fed.
Should one forego folic acid intake, this omission would become an important co-cause of (the higher probability of) eventual neural tube defects in future offspring.
Moreover, parents capable of raising their entire brood may still choose not to if this would increase their residual reproductive value for investing in future offspring (e.g., Williams 1966; Smith and Fretwell 1974).
19, 55– 57 In nonpregnant women of childbearing age, ionizing radiation may damage ovarian function, cause premature ovarian failure, or trigger germ cell mutations, which can lead to congenital abnormalities in future offspring.
When a maternally transmitted TP is also present in the zygote, piRNA synthesis can be augmented by processing transcripts from this element as well, leading to enough P-element piRNAs to provide a strong defense against dysgenesis in future offspring.
This creates a "multi-layered" indirect genetic effect (IGE) wherein the maternal genotype's "environment" is influenced by variation in the paternal genotype, subsequently influencing the fitness variance in future offspring [ 27, 28].
Similar(54)
School pupils should be taught how to prepare for having children in order to prevent chronic disease in their future offspring, experts have urged.
We know children who receive a good education are less likely to rely on social services or require the spending of corrections resources and more likely to find secure work, pay tax and assist in their future offspring's own education.
Fishel says ICSI can allow severely compromised sperm to fertilize an egg, which may cause problems in the future offspring.
As the mother provides all the prenatal physiological investment, her lifetime reproductive success will be maximized by balancing investment in current and future offspring, since she will be equally related to each of them.
Paternal interests are theoretically served by maximizing fetal growth, and maternal interests by managing investment in current and future offspring, but whether paternal and maternal influences act on different components of overall size is unknown.
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