Each diet was tested in four replicates for 8 weeks.
After breaking dormancy, seed germination was tested in four replicates, with 50 seeds per replicate.
Each ChIP sample was assayed in four replicates and data were normalized with that of input DNA control.
(mean ± SD), were allocated in a randomised complete block arrangement in four replicates over two time blocks.
The experimental setup consisted of 16 mesocosms in total, planted with monocultures of Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia and Scirpus fluviatilis, and unplanted controls, each in four replicates.
Three traps were operated overnight in four replicates of a 3 × 3 randomised Latin square design near horses under South African field conditions.
The toxicity tests were done with five to six concentrations and one untreated control in four replicates containing 10 individuals per vessel.
The experiment was set up in a complete factorial design with treatments in four replicates: without earthworms or ryegrass (control, CK), with earthworms only (E), with ryegrass only (P), and with both earthworms and ryegrass (EP).
Next, a rainfall of 56 mm h−1 lasting for 30 min was applied in four replicates for each treatment: 1) bare soil, 2) bare soil + microaggregates, 3) ash, and 4) ash + microaggregates.
The experiments were performed in four replicates for three times.
Each concentration was applied on 24 larvae distributed in four replicates (each of 6 larvae).
