In the present study, young adults with ADHD showed decreased oscillatory power in fast frequencies, particularly within the alpha band, relative to normal healthy controls.
In general, center frequency, but not IAF, revealed a significant faster frequency in the active compared to inactive phase of oral contraceptive use (Fig. 1) in study 1 (P3 t(17)=8.961, p=.000), study 2 (P3 t(19)=4.217, p=.000), and study 3 (P3 t(19)=11.315, p=.000).
In the faster frequencies particularly it is unlikely that phase is highly stable over time.
If these assumptions hold, this model matches our data, which show that slower stimulation (relative to IAF) enhances oscillations in the individual α – (here: faster) frequency.
Radcliffe, in person, generally vibrates at a faster frequency than the character that made him famous, but looking out at the awaiting throng, he seemed quiet and focused.
These are exactly the sort of spectral dissociations one would expect if lower frequencies were involved in relaying predictions and faster frequencies in relaying prediction error.
In the absence of any change in the model parameters these dynamics repeat and lead to persistent firing in the fast frequency regime.
In the context of this paper we use term hyper-excitability as the ability of the SC to fire in this fast frequency regime.
This is supported by research indicating that children with ADHD exhibit increases in the fast frequency component of variability on the SART suggesting a loss of executive functional control, possibly involving the right hemispheric fronto-parietal system, which may then be responsible for deficits in sustained attention [ 38, 39, 57].
Consequently, we suggest that motor training in humans may serve as an optimal model to test the possible cerebellar-cognition relationship in two interrelated routes: (1) sensorimotor training may result in fast occurring, cerebellar and frontal low frequency oscillatory modulation [ 16], possibly leading to improved cognitive performance [ 40, 63].
