The role of climate change in extirpations is also evaluated.
Trapping, loss or degradation of aquatic habitats through filling of wetlands, and development of coal, oil, gas, tanning, timber, and other industries, resulted in extirpations, or declines, in otter populations in many areas.
No baseline population data exist, but abundance of this species likely has declined with deforestation, with severe damage of some areas in Haiti probably resulting in local extirpation.
In fact, local extirpation in this region is likely to have occurred randomly or uniformly (but not in a clustered manner) throughout the phylogenetic tree, following the distribution of key life-history traits [22], [25].
Shrinkages in animal habitat have led to inbreeding pressure, resulting in the extirpation of species, highlighting the intimate relationship between species and habitat.
Finally, only a significant and simultaneous reduction in a number of most sensitive German cockroach parameters resulted in species extirpation.
Even modest reductions in annual rainfall (5 10%) would result in further population declines and more moderate reductions (20 25%) would result in population extirpation.
Our results suggest that habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly the establishment of illuminated and desiccated forest edges, result in the extirpation of particular ecological groups with a few species/ecological groups experiencing proliferation, such as light-demanding species.
These projects are a more costly, not typically ecologically successful, and commonly call for wetland relocation resulting in the extirpation of local populations.
