When asked why he insisted on wringing concessions out of California Pacific Medical Center in exchange for letting the company build a gigantic, 555-bed hospital near the intersection of Geary and Van Ness on Cathedral Hill, Lee launched into explanation mode.
The instructor then asked the students to volunteer their reasons for selecting specific answers, explained the solution to Q1, and answered any student questions, as in the instructor-explanation mode.
The first is the size of the effect; the combination mode was on average approximately twice as effective in promoting learning gains as the instructor-explanation mode, in both courses.
Strikingly, the strong clicker performers in both classes showed the smallest learning gains when the instructor-explanation mode was used.
However, for weak students in the nonmajors' course, the combination mode is only slightly more effective than the instructor-explanation mode.
First, in the majors' course, the peer discussion and instructor-explanation modes resulted in similar mean <c> values, suggesting that each of these modes alone is equally effective.
For both the majors' and the nonmajors' courses, more time on average was spent considering answers to Q1 in the combination mode than in the peer-discussion or instructor-explanation modes, as might be expected (implications of these differences are explored in the Discussion).
Our data from the majors' genetics course show that the peer-discussion and instructor-explanation modes result in similar learning gains, at least for the weak and medium clicker performers.
However, the combination mode results in substantially higher learning gains compared with either the peer-discussion or instructor-explanation modes, as measured by the normalized change <c> in scores between Q1 and Q2.
Its less radical form allows that truth might impose a uniform necessary condition on the specific modes of positive appraisal, and thereby play an essential role, through its government of the specific modes, in the explanation of what is stated in statings.
