The issue of urban heat islands, UHIs, is rarely tackled in French environmental legislation and hardly ever touched in existing town planning documents.
It sets out that all new town centre uses – which includes retail and leisure uses – should be located in existing town centres out of preference.
New farm typology, specifically olive farms, crop fields and gazing, are fed by treated greywater from households in the existing towns through natural filtration and treatment ponds along the highway.
Named after the village of Milton Keynes already present on the site, it was formed primarily as a London overspill settlement following the recommendations of governmental studies in 1964 and 1965 to build "a new city" in Buckinghamshire incorporating existing towns such as Bletchley, Stony Stratford and Wolverton.
The urban expansion is taking place in the form of unplanned and haphazard growth in the outskirts of existing towns and cities with the appearance of new urban clusters (5).
To address the problem of water scarcity, the project proposes to decentralize agriculture from the Jordan Valley by coupling agricultural fields with treated wastewater to enhance the economy and ecology of existing towns in the Northern highland rural areas.
Submitted by a team led by David Rudlin of URBED, a design firm, the winning plan calls for the near-doubling of existing towns in line with what the team calls "garden city principles".It envisages a revolution driven not from the national government but from below.
Originally designed to address labour supply and permanent settlement problems in remote areas, the commodities boom of the 2000s, combined with limited labour supply and infrastructure availability, particularly housing, has seen the commute model adopted for resource operations near existing towns and even in such towns.
Three new cities are earmarked to spring up around the nucleus of existing towns - the big Portsmouth-Southampton port area, in Hampshire; Bletchley, in Buckinghamshire, and the old market town of Newbury; in the Berkshire.
The new industrial centres would be linked to the existing towns with new fast roads and reconstruction in town centres would be planned to provide more open space around the administrative centres.
