In both groups, and in both exercise conditions, participants with lower baseline V ¯ P were more likely to have low exercise V ¯ P, and vice versa (EX1: R 2 = 0.75, P < 0.01; EX2: R 2 = 0.78, P <0.01).
Energy expenditure was greater in the exercise conditions than when sedentary and the energy difference was more positive in the sedentary condition than in each of the exercise conditions.
Participants in both exercise conditions were visited at home once per week for the first eight weeks then monthly for the remainder of the study.
This increase in body growth in zebrafish under exercise conditions is even higher than that reported for adult salmonid fish.
Also, a divergent 24 h post-exercise responses in 90FAIL and 30WM conditions, as noted by sustained responses in MIX protein synthesis, whereas MYO protein synthesis returned to baseline values in these two exercise conditions.
The phosphorylated-state of mTOR was also elevated in all three exercise conditions at 4 h post-exercise; however, one of its downstream targets p70S6K was only phosphorylated in the 30FAIL condition.
Heart rate increased to a greater degree in the exercise condition than in the non-exercise condition when collapsed across participants (t 73) = 7.33, p < 0.001, d = 1.75) and when limited only to the women (t 56) = 8.32, p < 0.001, d = 2.26), but not when limited only to the men (t(15) = 1.39, p = 0.18, d = 0.68).
Heart rate increased to a greater degree in the exercise condition than in the non-exercise condition when collapsed across participants (t 36) = 3.41, p = 0.002, d = 1.17), when limited only to the women (t(18) = 2.89, p = 0.010, d = 1.28), and marginally when limited only to the men (t(16) = 3.41, p = 0.070, d = 0.97).
It is possible that increases in bodily pain in the exercise condition groups were related to muscle soreness caused by the exercise training.
