A recent study by Riverkeeper shows that a $1,000 investment in end-of-pipe solutions decreases these overflows by about 2,400 gallons.
In addition to end-of-pipe options, source control is key.
In turn, many traditional end-of pipe technologies are associated with high amounts of process waste, which provides plasma technologies with an opportunity to establish them in the market as more efficient and in many occasions, more environment-friendly ones.
Pollution prevention (P2) strategy is receiving significant attention in industries all over the world, over end-of-pipe pollution control and management strategy.
However, Demirel and Kesidou's study [45] found that whilst regulation is effective in stimulating end-of-pipe solutions to eco-innovations (so-called 'quick-fixes' to environmental emissions, for example) and environmental R&D, internal drivers, such as efficiency, were more responsible for increased investment in cleaner production technologies through equipment upgrades.
Dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations were monitored in the open ditch, end-of-pipe and in-field piezometers and highest values were recorded in the open ditch (0.03 0.183 mg l−1) at Site A, potentially due to diffuse and point sources on the farm.
Furthermore, in multi-objective optimization phase, it simultaneously considers the P2 options with available end-of-pipe control options in order to select the sustainable environmental management option.
While chemical processes are continuously improving in this direction, nowadays safety and end-of-pipe technologies are still indispensable.
Having been forced to consider end-of-pipe impact in the last few years, we might hope that, next time around, researchers consider questions of responsibility further upstream.
In order to reuse wastewater, 12 end-of-pipe samples for each plant were tested for physico-chemical characteristics using standard methods.
Current philosophy in sulfide tailings management takes an end-of-pipe approach which is yet to be shown to be sufficient to prevent post-closure impacts from AMD and guarantee "walk-away" status.
