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Both mechanisms may be involved in egress of cancer cells from the primary tumor.
Sinusoidal entry is thought to be a key step in egress commitment yet the requirements for this migration event remain poorly defined.
It is also reported that Mst1−/− thymocytes have defects in egress from thymus, which result in lymphopenia in peripheral lymphoid organs [7], [9].
In short-term adoptive transfer experiments S1P1-deficient mature B cells accumulated in the BM, but a role for S1P1 in egress was not established [9].
Despite this major role in egress, deficiencies in S1P or S1P1 did not reveal a dominant role for this ligand-receptor system during B cell egress from the BM [4], [6].
When parasite egress was induced with A23187 incubation, a similar increase in egress was observed in presence or absence of GF120918, indicating that GF120918 treatment was not able to further increase egress when used in combination with the Ca2+ ionophore (Fig. 4A, w CaI).
It must be noted however that the absence of significant sequestration of lymphocytes in the spleen in our studies is in apparent conflict with other recent reports that provided evidence supporting a role for S1P in egress of both B-cells [32] and T-cells [47] from the spleen.
More recently, conditional expression of CDPK5 in P. falciparum demonstrated its role in egress from erythrocytes.
In contrast, the role of F12 in egress of IEV towards the plasma membrane remains obscure.
In particular, parasites lacking SERA1 and SERA2 display no detectable defect in egress from infected host cells.
The gene PB000649.01.0 codes for the cysteine protease ECP1, involved in egress of sporozoites from oocysts [ 28].
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