These first-step mutants contained single, non-synonymous mutations to gyrA and no other mutations (e.g. in efflux pumps) linked to ciprofloxacin resistance (Supplementary Data 1).
The structure suggests a mechanism for its role in secretion of proteins and in efflux of toxic small molecules.
CutC is a member of the Cut family and is suggested to be involved in efflux trafficking of cuprous ion.
The ciprofloxacin-resistant group displayed a clear trend where conserved CR responses were strongly linked to mutations in efflux regulatory regions suggesting that gyrA drug target mutations had a limited effect on CS and CR.
Using two in vivo methods with direct cranial administration, we conclude that FcRn plays an important role in efflux of IgG from the rat brain.
The thiolated co-polymer applied in a concentration of 0.1%, 0.25% and 0. 5% (w/v) did not only enhance the absorption but also decreased the secretory transport of Rho-123 resulting in efflux ratios (secretory Papp/absorptive Papp) of 1.0, 1.4 and 2.0, respectively.
ENA may be involved in efflux of NA into xylem.
The difference in efflux of radioactivity from tumor between the two radiolabeled forms of mAb may be attributable to differential biological fate of the radioisotopes intracellularly.
Moreover, nonsynonymous mutations in efflux pump regulatory regions (acrR and marR) of different Escherichia spp. indicate that the efflux pump expression might have been increased due to these mutations.
The results appear to describe a resonance-like relationship in which the frequency of the electromagnetic field that can induce a change in efflux is proportional to a product of LGF density and an index, 2n + 1, where n = 0,1.
No difference in efflux to HDL was observed (Fig. 7A).
