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Liquid lithium has better performances in effective lifetime and heat removal aspects compared to non-liquid lithium.
Investigations on lifetime samples showed a 2.5-fold increase in effective lifetime and an efficiency gain of 0.7 % absolute (max. efficiency 18.6 %) for surfaces passivated by an Al2O3/SiN x stack compared with fully metallized Al-BSF rear sides.
For many applications it is still useful to fit complex fluorescence decays to a monoexponential model and use the change in effective lifetime as an indicator, for example, of FRET.
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WWER operator's strategic goal is to ensure long-term operation in an economically optimized way via effective lifetime management while ensuring plant safety.
A systematic study of the variation in the minority carrier effective lifetime in silicon associated with the different solar cell processing steps in a conventional industrial production line has been carried out using the microwave photoconductive decay (μ-PCD) technique.
As the surface recombination rate increases in front, the effective lifetime, which is a contribution of bulk and surface lifetimes, decreases for silicon NWs.
As reported in [6], the effective lifetime of SiNWs lacking a passivation layer cannot be measured because of the extremely high effective surface recombination velocity.
Complete crystallization of SiNWs is essential to obtain a high effective lifetime, in particular, because the a-Si phase remaining in the material can result in a decrease in the bulk lifetime of SiNWs.
The QD-LEDs with SAM-NP encapsulation were found to have an effective lifetime in ambient air and a stable light emission in water compared to those of equivalent QD-LEDs without encapsulation.
The measured minimum effective lifetime in Figure 3 and S parameters of SiO x interface in Figure 7 were correlated, and the decrease in vacancy of SiO x was coincident with the enhanced chemical passivation at annealing temperatures lower than 500°C.
In this way the effective lifetime of ACT will be extended and malaria defeated.
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