Exact(13)
Fig. 12 Ro-Ro/Pax vessels usage in ECAs worldwide according to Wärtsilä Zotti (2014).
The fuel providers interviewed generally expect a high MGO share, considering that HFO would be banned in ECAs.
Moreover, the literature reports several affective models for the generation, classification, and management of emotions in ECAs.
For the study, the reference case assumes 2*12V46F + 2*8L46F engines, running on MGO all the time in ECAs and on 4.5 % S HFO outside ECAs.
The introduction of 0.1%% sulphur content in ECAs in 2015 will require a shift from bunker oil to pure distillate oils such as MGO or MDO.
Nevertheless, there is a need of cognitive-affective architectures that address the problem of achieving natural interaction and realistic behavior in ECAs.
Similar(47)
The temporal changes in ECA can be directly compared with the changes in total habitat area.
In ECA, the EDL voltage is altered by directly applying a DC bias between the liquid metal and electrolyte.
Both approaches defined policy in ECA rules, where each rule embodies a specific action, to be applied in response to a particular happening.
Added machinery costs as a percentage of the reference engine price, as well as annual savings in operational costs vs. the reference engine (running on MDO in ECA), are shown in Fig. 6.
A summary is shown in Table 4 regarding the different applications and comparing the HFO + SCR + scrubber case with the DF engine case running on LNG in ECA and HFO outside.
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