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The MaterialStatistics tool was used to make volumetric calculations of the galea, as well as its muscles and cuticle, in each proboscis region (proximal: 0 30%, knee bend: 30 35%, distal: 35% to the beginning of the proboscis tip, and tip region, which is characterized by intake slits for nectar and the presence of sensilla styloconica).
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Each proboscis tip was photographed in several focus planes.
In fact the proboscis in Colubraria is extremely thin and scarcely muscularized suggesting that it is not able to exert a strong suction [ 15].
Thirty-two genes were consistently detected in antennae (68%), twenty-six in maxillary palps (55%) and twenty-three in proboscis (49%) but also twenty-two in legs (47%) and eighteen in bodies (38%).
We showed that in the case of Obp28a increases in proboscis extension responses paralleled increases in intake of quinine.
Selective pressure of various corolla tube lengths appear to have led to reciprocal adaptations of variations in proboscis lengths in nemestrinid flies (Anderson and Johnson, 2008; Pauw et al., 2009).
These tubes are made up of the protein collagen, secreted by special glands in the proboscis.
To understand the liquid-feeding mechanism in the proboscis of butterflies, the intake flow around the tip of the proboscis was investigated in detail.
There are few studies on the transport of liquid food in the proboscis of a liquid-feeding butterfly.
This study shows a high prevalence of various gastrointestinal helminths with potential transmission pathways primarily related to soil and with zoonotic relevance in wild proboscis monkeys in their remaining natural habitats.
A similar process is unfolding in the proboscis, or nose, where some of our hundreds of olfactory receptors, and the nerves that carry aromas to our brains, suffer diminished capacity.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com