Centaurea cheirolopha extract, with the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoids, showed the highest antioxidant activities in all assay, except for metal chelating.
Moreover, all tested bacteria showed resistance against amoxicillin in MIC assay except B. licheniformis exhibiting MIC value as 0.02 ± 0.05 mg/ml (Table 1, see footnote).
The potency to rescue the phenotype correlated with the results of the in vitro assay except for compounds 10 and 9 (data not shown), which showed little potency in vitro but were highly active in vivo.
aMIC are presented as mean of triplicate values ± SE in mg/ml; ball tested bacteria showed resistant against amoxicillin (30 μg/ml) in MIC assay except B. licheniformis; *significant values at p < 0.05.
Log-rank tests identified significant differences between survival curves of all pairs of PQ treatment groups in this assay except between the control and low levels and the medium and high levels (data not shown).
Although it was reported that high concentrations of leukocyte DNA could inhibit the PCR assay [ 49], the IPC (internal positive control) signal was detected for all samples used in this assay except for nine samples, which were inhibited due to poor blood sample quality.
Membrane reconstitution was performed the same as the sample used in our fluorescence assay except 20 mol % DOPS was used in the negative charged vesicles.
The second assay was done essentially the same way for 20 birds (included in the first assay) except that standard curve was generated concomitantly in the same plate with 4 concentrations (80, 20, 10 and 2.5 ng/μl) and copy numbers were estimated based on standard curve.
The trials were performed as in the previous assay except that the containers were covered with red paper.
Typical experimental preparations are identical to those for the in vitro motility assay except for the Qdot labeling of actin.
