Our results suggest that PhD students who prefer industrial employment show a weaker "taste for science", a greater concern for salary and access to resources, and a stronger interest in downstream work compared to PhD students who prefer an academic career.
While upstream work (data and evidence, system design, policy, planning) is necessary for programming and programme implementation, involvement in downstream work and links with implementers will often provide the knowledge, experience, trust and credibility to enable effective participation in the upstream processes.
The thermal cycling reactions and subsequent downstream work took place in a separate laboratory located in the Department of Zoology.
However, more recent work implicates NO in downstream mechanisms distant from the site of production (Calvert et al. 2011; Chouchani et al. 2013; Farah et al. 2013), as well as in cardiac myocytes themselves (reviewed in (Bloch et al. 2001)).
Along the shipping chain, actors involved in upstream and downstream activities work with each other (Lun et al. 2013a).
In order to investigate the fate of PAHs in a consortium, it is very important to investigate how PAHs downstream pathways work in PAH-degradation process by consortiums (Moscoso et al. 2012), which will also give a deep vision of contribution made by different species during PAH-degrading process.
In this work the downstream processes for an annual production of 100,000 tons of ethanol from wheat straw were simulated, with a set operation time of 8,000 h/a.
In later work, Harman looks downstream of intention, rather than upstream: an intention is a belief about what one is doing or what one is going to do that has the power to guide and motivate action through practical thought (Harman 1986, pp. 375 6; Setiya 2007a, pp. 48 53).
In contrast, the current microarray data have been obtained from ES cells, where only the Oct3/4 level is manipulated by Tet, and therefore, genes identified as primary or secondary downstream of Oct3/4 in this work are most likely affected directly or indirectly by Oct3/4.
Pharmacodynamic markers that are currently used in the clinic, such as lamin A and HDJ2 [ 22], are direct markers of farnesyltransferase inhibition while the majority of genes identified in this work are likely downstream transcriptional targets.
In this work, we identify elements downstream of the MHC class I promoter that are necessary for appropriate in vivo regulation: a novel barrier element that protects the MHC class I gene from silencing and elements within the first two introns that contribute to tissue specific transcription.
