Since 2010, JP Morgan has racked up billions in fines and settlements in its diverse lines of business including commodities, trading, unfair consumer billing practices, debt collection errors, alleged manipulation of electricity markets in California and the Midwest, improper home foreclosures, and improper conspiracy to set the price of credit and debit card fees.
The association between lines with a large 9L NUMT and the presence of the 2.4- and 3.3-kb regions suggests a possible common origin for the NUMT in these diverse lines.
This wealth of genetic diversity in laboratory stocks of K. marmoratus provides rich material for experimentalists who might wish to compare, for example, the performances of distinct clones in particular ecological settings or to test various hypotheses about outbreeding depression in crosses between diverse lines.
Transcript abundance in a lines is usually lower than in wild type lines, but the variance in transcript abundance in diverse A lines is much higher than for a lines, and the lowest abundance measured for an A allele is lower than the highest value for an a allele (Fig. 2).
Two CCoAOMT genes have been investigated in a set of 34 diverse lines used in both European and US breeding programs [ 20].
We have shown that 98% of the (ascertained) SNP allelic variation in a sample of 259 diverse lines can be captured in a set of 20 lines, as opposed to only 48% of the SSR alleles.
An alternative hypothesis is that the large 9L NUMTs arose independently in each of these diverse lines.
Marker class theta boundaries could only be determined for the marker classes that were present in the set of diverse lines and segregating populations.
The goal of such mapping studies is to test whether sequence variants (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) at candidate genes are statistically associated with a particular trait (e.g., chilling tolerance) in a panel of diverse lines [ 62, 63].
BXD is the largest and best phenotyped genetic model system in mammals, and is derived from two divergent mouse strains (C57 Bl/6 J and DBA/2 J, hence BX D), in which different recombination patterns have been inbred (hence recombinant inbred) in over 100 highly diverse lines, each with a fixed recombination pattern of exactly two possible alleles [ 21, 22].
