Exact(60)
Many animals show a sex bias in dispersal rates, with males being the predominantly dispersing sex in mammals (Greenwood 1980).
Secondarily, rodents may aid in dispersal by stealing the embedded diaspores and burying them.
The usually solitary seeds are covered by fleshy arils (berrylike or plumlike structures) that apparently aid in dispersal by animals.
The synergistic effect was estimated up to ~35%% in dispersal when compared with peracetic acid alone.
However, research yielded varying results on changes in dispersal modes between successional stages.
Viability can be drastically reduced when directional bias in dispersal strength is higher than 25%.
Simulated ploughing of the surrounding habitat led to a reduction in dispersal rates.
Spatial errors in dispersal kernels can have large compounding effects on model accuracy.
In dispersal models such an integral term takes into account the long-distance interactions between individuals (see e.g. [29]).
It is therefore important to take account of the proportion of reproductive effort involved in dispersal when estimating colonisation ability.
for transferring predictive models into digital cartography predict well the presence of juvenile Bonelli's eagles in dispersal areas.
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