Open image in new window Fig. 7 Maximum displacement (in meter) in concrete in the direction of loading due to impact of Phantom F4 at: a location "A", b location "B", c location "C" and d location "D".
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Maximum displacement (in meter) in concrete in the direction of loading due to impact of 707-320 at: a location "A", b location "B", c location "C" and d location "D".
The major effect is that a fibre-like stress distribution is developed in the matrix, linking the particles in the direction of loading, regardless of the variations in geometry or properties.
Hard particles which are closely spaced in the direction of loading develop very large stresses in the region between them on the line of loading, whereas the stresses are not nearly as significantly increased for particles closely spaced in the transverse direction.
The remarkable mechanical performance of biological materials such as bone, nacre, and spider silk stems from their staggered microstructure in which stiff and strong reinforcements are elongated in the direction of loading, separated by softer interfaces, and shifted relative to each other.
Directional distortion is defined here as the formation of a region of high curvature on the yield surface, approximately in the direction of loading, and a region of flattening approximately in the opposite direction, as observed in experiments on various types of metals.
The transverse displacement (w) is assumed as sinusoidal in the direction of loading (x), and a power series is assumed in the lateral (y) direction (i.e., the method of Frobenius).
While damage in the direction of loading was established early, the damage area then increased radially with cycle number.
An effective coefficient of the fiber volume fraction in the direction of loading (ECFL) was defined to characterize fiber architectures of the preforms.
