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Recombination between DNA segments bordered by two repeated sequences positioned in direct orientation relative to each other can lead to duplication and subsequent amplification of the intervening DNA.
In the present case, because each 14.6 kb insertion is composed of 5.3 kb terminal IRs, inversion could be the outcome even if the full-length structures were present in direct orientation, via pairing of opposite IR arms.
These transposon systems have two-components, the first of which is a transposon vector containing an expression cassette flanked by terminal inverted repeats that have binding sites for the SB or PB transposase in direct orientation, termed IR/DRs.
In the first cell line (C'10) the two I-Sce-I sites are in direct orientation resulting in CD4 expression after deletion events (the most frequent events) or CD8 expression after invertion events.
If the backbone of pDonor with loxP was excised, it was necessary to add another loxP, as a selectable marker gene should be placed between two loxP sites in direct orientation.
The plasmid pCMVInt, which expresses phiC31 integrase in mammalian cells under control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter, and the pBCPB+ plasmid, which carries the phiC31 recognition site attP and attB in direct orientation flanking a lacZ gene on a chloramphenicol resistant ColE1 derivative, were a kind gift from Dr. M.P. Calos.
Similar(10)
Sequencing of the 5S 18S E. nebrodensis clone showed the presence of a functional 5S gene in a direct orientation as in Ginkgo.
CDSs in TGAs are principally in a direct orientation (78.9%) with approximately the same proportion of sense and antisense orientations.
In pBMB165, a set of 8 bp with the consensus sequence AT [A] GTGTAA was found repeated 7 times in the direct orientation and 3 times in reverse orientation, upstream of rep165 and immediately adjacent to orf6.
Two hexamers (subsites I and III) are in the direct orientation and one (subsite II) is in the inverse orientation (→4-bp←4-bp→), conforming to a typical Fur box [33].
Similarly, spontaneous genetic rearrangements were observed in E. coli when cDNA encoding the 5' fragment of the West Nile virus (WNV) genome was cloned in the direct orientation downstream from bacterial promoters, but not in the opposite orientation, suggesting that the characteristic flavivirus genetic instability was caused by viral gene product toxicity to the bacterial cells [12].
More suggestions(17)
in direct trades
in direct causes
in direct confrontation
in direct expression
in direct method
in direct contact
in direct connection
in opposite orientation
in divergent orientation
in direct sunlight
in direct mode
in direct self-defense
in radiological orientation
in direct service
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in direct communication
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