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This may occur under perturbation of ER homeostasis or overloading of protein folding stimuli, such as androgens, which act as an effective stress signal to exhaust prosurvival efforts, encourage protein misfolding in ESCs that contains ER as a minimal structure in undifferentiated stages, but dramatically expands in differentiated stages.
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By utilizing a Cancer Array, containing 440 oncogenes and tumor suppressors to profile mRNA expression, we identified a larger number of differentially expressed genes in poorly differentiated stage II colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues, compared to their matched normal tissues.
The overexpression ratios of GLUT1, HIF-1α and HIF-2α genes in poorly differentiated stage-III and -IV samples were higher than in well differentiated stage-I and moderately differentiated stage-II samples (Additional File 4).
These results demonstrate that there are major quantitative changes in leptin responsiveness between obese and lean adipocytes during differentiating stages, but not differentiated stages, of hAT in vitro.
In mammals, importin α4, but not its close subfamily member importin α3, is predominantly nuclear in the adult testis, with a striking nuclear signal evident in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids., In addition, the importin α4 protein exhibits nuclear localization in the murine embryonic stem (mES) cells in undifferentiated, but not differentiated, stages.
Cd44 at the protein level also decreased with differentiation, although occasional cells remained positive also in the differentiated stage.
These authors also demonstrated co-immunoprecipitation of Lef-1 and β-catenin in poorly differentiated stage III serous EOC and NIH OVCAR-3, but NIH OVCAR-3normal ovary [ 9].
The overexpression ratio of GLUT1 gene is higher in poorly differentiated stage-III and -IV human CRC specimens.
19– 26 In addition to initiation of adipogenesis in preadipocytes, PPARγ is also critical for inducing expression of a large number of genes crucial for maintaining adipocytes in a differentiated stage for proper lipogenesis and glucose metabolism.
Genes specific for each of the three subgroups were increasing in expression during differentiation of the HC11 cells, further proving that all lineages are represented in the differentiated stage.
UBEC2 expression profiles were evaluated in cell lines representing varying differentiated stages of NPC and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelia NP-69 cells using quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and fluorescent staining.
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