At the perceptual extreme of tuning to stimulus form, recovery might show an "image-selective" pattern, with continued adaptation only to an identical picture and full recovery to any picture with different stimulus form in 2D retinotopic coordinates, including different exemplars of the same type of animal that have been reversed in their left/right orientation.
There were 9 images in Experiment 1, comprising 3 different exemplars of three different categories of visual object (wine glasses, mobile phones, and apples; see Fig. 1 A and Supplementary Fig. 1 A).
We focus our initial analysis upon the left lateral occipital cortex (left LO)38, as LO is believed to be central to object shape perception and previous work has found that adaptation effects in LO for repeated presentations of different exemplars of the same shape category are most prominent in the left hemisphere39,40.
Studies focusing on laterality differences in LOC have reported larger adaptation effects for repeated presentations of different exemplars of the same object category in the left hemisphere39,40, and greater sensitivity to changes in viewpoint in the right hemisphere54.
The observed decreases in activity in these regions replicate results on priming of different exemplars of single objects while further extending these results to similar complex visual scenes.
In Experiment 1, participants judged a variety of different exemplars to be worse category members if they were less fluent (because they were presented in a smaller typeface).
The suggestion is that difficulties in both proactive interference and interference from habitual and distracting task-irrelevant thoughts (as found in those with a history of PTSD) can be seen as different exemplars of a broader interference vulnerability.
Hemodynamic activity in the amygdala and category-selective cortex was modulated by the reinforcement contingency, leading to widespread fear of different exemplars from the reinforced category.
Within this sequence, different exemplars of the same stimulus class usually followed exemplars from different classes, thus ensuring that the order in which the stimuli were played to the birds (which was the same for every bird and every session) could not account for the observed pattern.
Note that, within this sequence, different exemplars of the same class usually followed exemplars from different classes, thus ensuring that the order in which the vocalizations were played to the birds (which was the same for every bird and every session) could not account for the observed pattern.
