Their literary output, however, important as it was, takes second place to their work in creating and developing institutions.
He demonstrates that the West's long ascendancy was rooted in its ability to develop institutions that combined labour and capital in imaginative new ways.
Dynamic capabilities to develop institutions in co-evolution with the industries are missing.
However, because Rwanda is still at an early stage in developing its institutions, it is well positioned to shape its institutions in line with current challenges in science-based health innovation and biotechnology; its institutions are not bogged down by the bureaucracy and rigidity that characterize many more-established institutions in Africa [ 29].
The best hope for avoiding a confrontation between rising and established powers is to be creative in developing fresh institutions.
"The boldness that Chinese leaders have shown in growing their economy from a backwater into the world's second largest has not been matched, of course, in developing democratic institutions, but more importantly in developing good and honest governance," said Jeffrey Bader, President Obama's former senior adviser on China and the author of "Obama and China's Rise".
And I would tie future non-security aid -- again, above the guaranteed baseline -- to Pakistan's progress in developing democratic institutions and meeting good-governance norms.
This was expressed by one participant: "One has to bear in mind that while we want to assist and cooperate with our neighbors, we also don't want to, and we should not assist them in developing an institution which might have immediate political or harmful political implications".
A postal/web survey of 176 HPSR producer institutions in developing countries assessed institutional structure, capacity, critical mass, knowledge production processes and stakeholder engagement.
The Andean nations have always been troubled, and lag behind the Southern Cone of South America in developing efficient state institutions.
