In this conception, South-wood Smith maintained, punishment was "the infliction of pain, in consequence of the neglect or violation of duty".
To divest his understanding of such vengeful associations, Southwood Smith defined divine punishment as "the infliction of pain, in consequence of the neglect or violation of duty WITH A VIEW TO CORRECT THE EVIL".
It has been suggested that such long-lasting abdominal complaints result in a chronic cycle of pain in consequence of changes in the gut-brain axis [ 28, 29].
Strong evidence exists that mental and physical health improve consistently with reduction of headache frequency [23, 29, 30], while the evidence of improvement in physical health as a consequence of pain reduction is limited [28].
This model states that a decrease in agonist muscle activity and increase in antagonist muscle activity is a consequence of pain.
Alternatively, changes of serotonin metabolism may reflect the consequence of pain chronification in headache patients.
As pain leads to disuse as well as muscle inhibition, this weakness has been thought to be a consequence of pain and disuse in OA [ 13- 15].
bInsulin resistance as a consequence of pain.
In consequence of our study, portions of the chest pain guideline were modified corresponding to the participating GPs' feedback.
Despite this diversity, commonalities in experiences of the consequences of pain on quality of life and in coping strategies undertaken to manage pain emerged during analysis.
More specifically, the first fMRI experiment explored whether focusing on the sensory or the affective consequences of pain in others results in modulation of the hemodynamic signal in areas of the pain matrix processing sensory or affective information.
