tarsalis, and the virus has been isolated from hibernating female mosquitoes, which may provide a mechanism for persistence of the virus in colder latitudes through the winter and reemergence of transmission in the spring (31, 32).
Hibernating bats (e.g., some species in superfamilies Rhinolophoidea, Emballonuroidea, and Vespertilionoidea) are mostly distributed in subtropical or cold latitudes, whereas non-hibernating bats are mainly reside in warm subtropical or tropical latitudes [ 9].
Here is Homo heidelbergensis, who lived 200,000 to 700,000 years ago and may have been the ancestor of Neanderthals in Europe's cold latitudes; the individual here looks out beneath protruding brow ridges, alert, interested, wary.
Wolverine (Gulo gulo), also called glutton, carcajou, or skunk bear, member of the weasel family (Mustelidae) that lives in cold northern latitudes, especially in timbered areas, around the world.
While not the focus of the discussion, it is nevertheless surprising that a crucial fitness trait, the antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) [ 4- 6], which has clear relevance for aquaculture of the species in cold, northerly latitudes, was absent from genome annotations and predicted transcripts and proteins.
Although Ae. albopictus is active year-round in tropical (e.g., Central America) and subtropical (e.g., Gulf Coast) latitudes, it overwinters in its egg stage in the colder latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
Smoltification in relatively slow-growing rainbow trout in cold, high-latitude environments may be more sensitive to growth rate during a critical developmental phase than to a particular size, condition, or physiological state.
This result is explained by the fact that all three species have contracted modern ranges characterized by a loss of area in colder northern latitudes (Figures S3, S4 and S5).
It appears that C. mopane has limited resistance to freeze events, and this may be linked to the absence of this species at colder latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.
We measured the variation in cold hardiness over latitude by comparing all individuals with ≥35 cm of stem (cottonwood, n = 187; saltcedar, n = 192) on April 17, 2006.
