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I am an early career researcher, and have pledged to make all of my work openly available, forgoing publication in closed access journals like Nature and Science.
(1) Femtocells operate in closed access mode.
Figure 1 Multi-element antenna in closed access control femtocell operation.
Figure 1 shows the concept of multi-element antenna configuration in closed access femtocell network.
In addition, the different modes (active/sleep) of MBS would lead different results when femtocell operates in closed access mode.
When femtocells operate in closed access mode, only registered FUEs can be allowed to contact to FAPs.
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It has also been found that in closed-access femtocell networks macrocell MSs in close vicinity to a femtocell greatly suffer from high interference and that such macrocell MSs cause destructive interference to femtocell BSs [13].
Hence, the addition of more cells in these areas creates serious inter-cell interference problems in both uplink and downlink transmissions, especially in closed-access mode.
The FAPs enable a tremendous improvement in the coverage quality since they provide the maximum spectral efficiency of the system (5.2 bps/Hz) in 90% of FAP areas in closed-access mode and in 95% in open-access mode.
In the two-tier network under study, MBS are underlaid with standalone FBS operating in the closed access mode [2].
In particular, closed access provides higher throughput for home users and lower throughput for neighboring cellular users; vice versa with open access.
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