Limitations of the Heckel equation in characterizing material compression behavior have been well reported.
Aluminium phosphate adjuvant was precipitated under constant pH conditions in an effort to characterize materials formed at defined precipitation conditions.
In SEM images, the characterized materials appeared fully dense but computed tomography showed the presence of pore clusters.
The development of methods to characterize materials in three dimensions, such as tomography by X-rays, focused ion beam and electrons, has led to progress in the understanding of materials properties.
Interestingly, the structure of each cluster revealed an internal repetitive pattern generated by repeats arranged in tandem, which I further characterized (Materials and Methods).
The number of carbon atoms is strongly correlated with the values of Eaa and RedE in the (5,5) armchair SWCNT 1 to 18 and 19 to 29, which are important factors in characterizing these materials.
In addition to this issue of kinetics, one should point out the major novel aspect in characterizing SPD materials by means of dilatometry: namely, the access to the absolute concentration of free volumes, and in particular to the grain boundary excess volume e GB, the structural key parameter of grain boundaries.
Given its straightforward implementation into most current microscopy setups, we anticipate that this technique can be easily adopted by anyone interested in characterizing soft material properties at high loading rates including hydrogels, tissues and various polymeric specimens.
Methylene blue was chosen in this study because of its known strong adsorption onto solids and its recognized usefulness in characterizing adsorptive material [27].
Raman spectroscopy has been extensively used in this field to characterize material composition and structure [19], and DHM can be employed in conjunction to provide full-field profilometry with a resolution in the order of 10 nm and below [20,21].
