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In cases of selection three major outcomes have been described: evolution of a new beneficial function in one duplicate (neofunctionalization), partitioning of ancestral functions between the duplicates (subfunctionalization), or conservation of ancestral function(s) in both duplicates (gene conservation) [ 2, 5– 7].
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In Section 3 we describe the numerical parameters that are used for configuration of the model and we explain the high robustness of the method in case of selection of non optimal values.
Even if size of window increases in case of selection of 0 (lowest intensity) or L − 1 highest intensity) as median value, window will keep increasing until the sum of weightage for non-noisy pixels exceeds the sum of weightage of noisy pixels.
In case of selection for Nanog-low cells, most of these cells are rather simultaneously shifted toward the Nanog-high state and then back again.
In case of selection, transparency about the methods is important to enable a correct interpretation of the scientific and health care relevance of the results.
In case of selection, larger regions with less variation can be found on the genome [ 20] and a better prediction of the genetic diversity is possible.
In case of selection bias, a 10% random sample of all potential references will be validated by a second author for agreement.
These results were also compared to bisphosphonate users for less than 1 year as a sensitivity analysis in case of selection bias.
Figure 7 shows one of the tissue samples and the probability of detection (P d) and degree of correlation (R) when compared with the digital photograph of the tissue (Fig. 7(a)) in case of selection of the last IC (Fig. 7(b)) or the penultimate IC (Fig. 7(c)).
Vero cells (Green monkey kidney fibroblast cells) and primary rat astrocytes were grown at 37°C in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin in 10% CO2; 100 μg/ml G418 was added to transfected Vero cells in case of selection for stable transfectants.
Two independent researchers (Ben-Gang Wang and De-Hui Yi) each extracted all data that were considered to be relevant, and in cases of inconsistent selection, a third author (Yong-Feng Liu) participated in data selection.
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