In this case we reduce the opacity from the default value of 0.5 to 0.2 for both observations.
In each case, we reduce the system to a two-dimensional center manifold and compute the first Lyapunov constant (L_{1}).
To compute the time to the first gamma spike, we used different approaches for the two regimes: In the oscillatory case, we reduce the system in order to describe its dynamics with the Mathieu equation [44], and in the excitable case we apply an extension of geometric singular perturbation theory [45 47].
In the other case, we reduce the reaction scheme in Equation (1) to a single S → P reaction but the waiting times are computed (using our method) according to Equation (3), thus obtaining a non-Markovian model.
Previously, we optimized PAL from R. toruloides, and in this case we reduced aggregation of the A. variabilis PAL by mutating two surface cysteine residues (C503 and C565) to serines.
Also, in this case we reduced the cutoffs for pathogen association and defined orthologs as pathogen-abundant for PA > 2, and nonpathogen abundant for PA < 1/2.
We found significant batch-to-batch variation in the effect of RO3306, with some batches causing a G1 arrest at 10 μM; in these cases, we reduced the dose to 7.5 μM to obtain a G2 arrest.
In this case we can reduce the scale of the subnetwork sequentially, that is, a subset SN ′ of size b − 1, contained in SN, is selected which is more likely to be significant among all the subsets of SN with b − 1 vertices.
In a second case study, we reduce a genome-scale model of a cyanobacterial species to a small metabolic module which comprises photosynthetic core reactions and the Calvin-Benson cycle and allows synthesis of both biomass and a biofuel (ethanol).
In such a case, we must reduce q from 6 to 5 in order to keep a strong filtering condition.
In the general case, we can reduce the problem to the special case by rescaling (xmapsto xgamma ^{-1}), (tau mapsto tau rho ^{-2}) (so we multiply operator by (rho ^{-2})) and then automatically (hmapsto hbar = hrho ^{-1}gamma ^{-1}).
