In case of lithium treatment, a decrease in parathyroid sensitivity to calcium has been suggested as the principal mechanism of action for the increased secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in hypercalcemia, the biochemical hallmark of primary hyperparathyroidism (Haden et al. 1997).
In the case of a lithium-ion battery the electrolyte is usually in the form of a gel.
Respondents monitored additionally to aid in dose adjustment or optimization (94%), in case of possible lithium toxicity (85%), during start, stop, or dose-adjustment of interacting medication (67%), to verify therapeutic level, especially in case of insufficient efficacy (64%), due to co-morbidities of the patient (63%), and because it is recommended in guidelines (59%).
Therefore in case of use lithium-heparin, results are not equivalent to serum samples, so care should be taken when comparing data from both types of samples [ 71].
The rebound phenomenon necessitates repeated dialysis sessions in cases of severe lithium intoxication (Timmer and Sands 1999; Okusa and Crystal 1994), while high lithium levels at admission coupled with low initial creatinine clearance and low blood sodium concentration at admission seem to be associated with a greater number of required dialysis sessions (Lopez et al. 2012).
In cases of mild toxicity, lithium discontinuation may suffice.
In any case, lithium is recommended in case of high suicide risk (for a review see Lewitzka et al. 2015).
In case of more exceptional treatments (e.g. lithium addition) withdrawal is based on the shared opinion of the authors of the medication protocol.
Lithium salt of TDI anion (4,5-dicyano-2-trifluoromethanoimidazole) is used due to its superior thermal stability (compared to other commercially available lithium salts), stability in case of moisture presence, electrochemical stability and possible material savings when used in electrolyte.
