Haplotypes have been used extensively in human genetics research [ 10– 14] and, in animal breeding studies, haplotypes have been used for the genomic prediction of breeding values [ 15– 20].
At the turn of the century, classical geneticists were also intrigued by pigeons, and in 1911, breeding studies by T. H. Morgan suggested that head crests were a simple trait.
It is common in animal breeding studies to observe the benefits over a fixed time horizon, and the optimal solutions for a long-term breeding program are those that maximize the cumulated total genetic value over the planning horizon [ 31, 32].
The markers of SNP, which could be applicable in genetic and breeding studies in jute, are still limited so far.
In addition, more than 420,000 filtered SNPs were identified as inter-specific SNPs, and are valuable in genetics and breeding studies involving hybrid catfish.
Root-trait modeling of grapevine rootstock for drought stress scenarios, together with high-throughput phenotyping and genotyping techniques, may provide a valuable background for breeding studies in viticulture.
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are highly informative and widely used for genetic and breeding studies in several plant species.
To investigate the congenital complex vertebral malformation syndrome (CVM) in Holstein calves, two breeding studies were performed including 262 and 363 cows, respectively.
Elucidation of genetic bases underlying economically important traits, such as growth and reproduction, has been a central task in bivalve genetic and breeding studies for the purpose of genetic improvement.
