However, we report other data that we consider to be of high significance: the first experimental evidence for internal thioester bonds in highly diverse and very widespread bacterial surface proteins other than streptococcal Cpa, and the first demonstration of a role for TEDs in binding to host tissue (blood/fibrin) and host cells.
HA is the key viral antigen in determining host specificity and inducing neutralizing antibody since it plays a major role in binding to host cell receptors and fusing with host cell membranes [3].
In LAB, mucus-binding domains (MUB, MucBP) are found in many proteins and are thought to play a role in binding to the host GI-tract mucus layer [ 57, 93, 94].
However, there was statistically significant variation in binding to different host cells types.
L. crispatus CDSs potentially involved in binding to the host were identified by searching the predicted protein sequences against adhesion associated PFAMs.
The P domain is subdivided further into the hypervariable P2 domain and the more conserved P1 domain; the protruding P2 domain possesses several epitopes that are involved in binding to the host cell [ 8].
However, the binding of lectins to a specific site on a cell surface glycoprotein may also result in the occlusion of other sites used by adhering bacteria, leading to a further decrease in binding to host cells.
In S. aureus, cell-wall-anchored proteins and other adhesive molecules are implicated in binding to host matrix molecules and may therefore play an essential role in the establishment of colonization.
The SRS proteins are surface proteins putatively involved in binding to host cell receptors and attachment of the asexual replicative forms present in intermediate hosts [ 36].
AMX and CTC reduced the expression of ompA, a known virulence factor of P. multocida involved in binding to host cells [ 27] (Table 4).
