Known as the "wire mother" experiment, it was overseen by a psychologist named Harry Harlow, who separated baby rhesus monkeys from their birth mothers and placed them with mother surrogates: one a cylinder of rolled chicken wire, the other a block of wood covered in terry cloth, both rigged, in alternating experiments, to provide or withhold milk.
To characterize activation, steady-state inactivation, recovery from inactivation and the development of slow inactivation, biophysical properties of INa were first determined in conventional VC experiments and then in alternating VC/CC experiments, in HEK cells.
In alternating VC/CC experiments, cells were clamped with protocols similar to those used in conventional VC experiments.
Although 'steady-state' Na+ channel activation in alternating VC/CC experiments cannot be determined, AP upstrokes can be used to derive 'dynamic' activation properties of INa.
Compared to the VC configuration, where INa characteristics are measured at fixed membrane potentials, in alternating VC/CC experiments the conditioning membrane potential is kept at a fixed (predetermined) value before the recording configuration is switched to the CC recording configuration.
By incorporating delays of half rotor periods in the pulse sequences, these phase alternating experiments can be made γ encoded.
In our alternate conformation experiments, E w =20 kcal/mol, except for 1n9b, where E w =100 kcal/mol.
In alternating light/dark cycle experiments, radial growth of D. mutila was also enhanced by longer periods of light, and faster growth may contribute to disease expression by the fungus.
Invest in alternate hanging options.
