Sample sizes were divergent 146 from Central Africa versus 8 from West Africa (two adjacent localities in south-central Nigeria were excluded from this analysis, as viral specimens were unavailable for genetic analysis, and so could not be characterized as belonging to either West or Central African clades of monkeypox virus [15].
The haplotype diversities in Al Hoota Cave (0.67) and the adjacent localities Wadi Al Falahi (0.76) and Ain Al Msalla (0.68) are similar, while the nucleotide diversity in Al Hoota Cave (0.28) is much lower than in the other two localities (0.72 and 0.74).
These high rates of uplift, and the corresponding rates of subsidence of the sea-floor in adjacent offshore localities, are explained as consequences of coupling between erosion and sedimentation by induced flow in the lower continental crust, this coupling being particularly strong due to the narrowness of the southern part of the Italian peninsula.
At the time of historic contact the Puebloan peoples were restricted to the Rio Grande Valley and adjacent localities and to scattered settlements in west central New Mexico and on the Hopi mesas of Arizona.
Thus, most sharing of haplotypes between adjacent localities is probably caused by historical association rather than to ongoing gene flow.
Looking closely at the results, the popularity of these lists (as well as the neighborhoods it cites) correlate with nationwide trends, which can be generally characterized as a gentrification of Halloween: a new normal in the trick-or-treat tradition wherein masked visitors patronize only the most moneyed neighborhoods while adjacent localities fall to the wayside.
Interestingly, Constitución, flanked by long beaches on both sides, was genetically distinct from adjacent localities but not from some more distant localities (Cartagena, Montemar and Pichicuy).
Combining samples from localities with small sample sizes with geographically adjacent localities (e.g. west and central Siberia or Anadyr and Magadan) yield very similar results.
Logistic regression was then carried out using R [ 79], using the logistf add-on package, with the model: 'genetically disjunct' ~ 'maximum beach length between adjacent localities' + 'coastal distance between adjacent localities'.
The abrupt step-clines at six independent gene loci suggest that introgression has been limited to adjacent localities.
