In hardware, packet loss may happen due to overflow at a finite-depth transmit buffer in addition to the packet corruption in the channel.
A bitstream-level model (e.g., P.NBAMS, [5]) uses the compressed video bitstream in addition to the packet headers as input.
let P3 be the probability that in addition to the current packet, located in the j th row and in the i th column, one more packet in the j th row and in the h th column is lost together with two or more packets in the i th column, while the packet in the m th row and in the h th column is received: P 3 = D 1 P plr 2 ( 1 - P plr ) L ( 1 - P plr ) D - 1 ?
let P2 be the probability that in addition to the current packet located in the j th row and in the i th column, one more packet in the j th row and in the h th column is lost together with the packet in the m th row and in the i th column, while the packet in the m th row and in the h th column is received: P 2 = ( 1 D ) ( 1 L ) P plr 3 ( 1 - P plr ) ( 1 - P plr ) L - 1 ( 1 - P plr ) D - 1 ; (5).
n = 2 L L k P plr k ; (6) (c3) let P4 be the probability that in addition to the current packet, located in the j th row and in the i th column, one more packet in the i th column and in the m th row is lost together with two or more additional packets in the m th row, while the packet in the m th row and in the h th column is received: P 4 = L 1 P plr 2 ( 1 - P plr ) D ( 1 - P plr ) L - 1 ?
To define the addressing space of a virtual network, it is necessary to specify which OpenFlow switches and which ports of each switch belong to that virtual network, in addition to the characteristics of the packets belonging to that network.
Hybrid model uses the pixel signal in addition to the bitstream and the packet headers to further improve video quality prediction accuracy.
The packet structure of Deluge was modified so that in addition to the bytes of data in the packet, bytes of key was included corresponding to the successor key in the key chain.
In addition to these packets, M−n−1 copies of the same packet are transmitted to the destination over other cooperating nodes.
We have also investigated the case when neither the primary user nor the secondary user retransmits the collided packets in addition to the cases when one or both users retransmit the collided packets.
