In addition to the HPA axis, other central hormonal systems, such as the HPG axis and in particular estrogen, also modulate the immune system [ 32].
In addition to the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis, new insights from the zebrafish model of neutrophil development show that signaling through the oxygen-dependent transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can also significantly delay neutrophil apoptosis [33].
These findings suggest that IL-1β in addition to the IL-12p35/IFN-γ IL-12p35/IFN-γ IL-12p35/IFN-γoint inflaxistion.
In addition to the dorsoventral axis formation, cyp26 is also important for restricting the expression of posterior genes during the anteroposterior patterning [ 100].
In addition to the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis [ 48], Annexin II, expressed by osteoblasts and endothelium, regulates HSC adhesion, homing, and engraftment [ 49].
In addition to the PI3K AKT axis, IGF-1 signalling was reported to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thus exerting its prosurvival effect in many though not all cell lines (Parrizas et al, 1997; Peruzzi et al, 1999; Subramaniam et al, 2005).
In addition to the HPA-axis disturbance, the STRID subtype of MD is expected to be linked to different neurobiological, immunological [18], and metabolic features, thus requiring joint forces between preclinical and clinical research.
The grafted dorsal lip was able to 'organize' the neighboring cells of the host embryo to form a complete secondary dorsal-ventral and antero-posterior pattern of body axis in addition to the primary body axis, and the graft itself became the notochord.
Hence, in addition to the therapy-disease axis, variations in the therapy-patient interaction may have substantial effect on treatment response.
Rather, the point to be made is that there is a need for new targets beyond, or in addition to, the VEGF-A/VEGFR axis.
