In addition to inducing filopodia, Rif functions cooperatively with Cdc42 and Rac to generate additional structures, increasing the diversity of actin-based morphology.
Interestingly, in addition to inducing EMT, Snail up-regulates Akt and Bcl-xL, which inhibit TGF-β-induced apoptosis in cancer cells [26].
The vaccine induced high antibody titers in mice sera in addition to inducing mucosal antibodies.
In addition to inducing VEGF secretion, GDF11, similar to TGFβ240, increased the expression of both Vegf and Kdr (coding for VEGFR2) genes in BVECs (Fig. 5d).
These results suggest that alcohol consumption, in addition to inducing bone loss, may reduce the efficacy of PTH therapy to reverse osteoporosis.
Emerging evidence suggests that S. aureus, in addition to inducing a pro-inflammatory response, may have the capacity to modulate the host immune system.
The data highlight an important feature of the CF input; its electrical activity, in addition to inducing a powerful phasic excitation and a tonic inhibition, controls the finer architecture of the cerebellar cortex.
All five individual peptides and epitopes of peptide-pool F3 induced IFN-γ and/or proliferation responses in addition to inducing CTL-associated cytotoxin responses (perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B).
In addition to inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, some chemotherapeutic agents such as γ-irradiation, anthracyclines and oxaliplatin can induce pyroptosis which increases their efficiency at reducing tumor burden (Locher et al., 2010).
Thus, Snail may contribute to tumor progression by promoting necrosis in addition to inducing EMT and preventing apoptosis.
In addition to inducing the production of antimicrobial peptides, IL-22 can also protect tissues against damage.
