In addition to activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) pathway (Figure 1), phosphotyrosines also serve as docking sites for signal transducer and activators of transcription (STATs), such as STAT5.
In addition to activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, phosphotyrosines also serve as docking sites for signal transducer and activators of transcription (STATs), such as STAT5.
In addition to activating Smad2/3, TGF-β can also activate mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPKs) (ERK, p38 and JNK), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K /Akt and small GTPases in a context-dependent manner [ 14- 17].
We show here that, in addition to activating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Wnt1 transactivates EGFR and stimulates ERK1/2 activity in many human breast cancer cells.
In addition to activating AMPK pharmacologically, a natural way to reduce ATP levels is via physical activity and exercise that burn off the energy.
In addition to activating pro-inflammatory events, intestinal barrier dysfunction initiates immunoregulatory processes.
INSIDE PITCH In addition to activating CHUCK KNOBLAUCH and RAMIRO MENDOZA, the Yankees also recalled outfielder RYAN THOMPSON and reliever CRAIG DINGMAN from Class AAA Columbus.
In addition to activating mechanisms of adaptive immunity, certain groups of allergens have molecular features that contribute to allergenicity.
However, in addition to activating semantic associations these tasks also involve executive functions that are not specific to semantics.
In addition to activating GPR120, GW9508 can activate another G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR40, which is expressed in the intestine21 but absent in adipose tissues and minimally expressed in hepatic cells17,22.
